| 简介 |
Chapter 20: Scale-up Considerations for Biofuels. In Biotechnologies for Biofuel Production and Optimization, 1st Edition, pg 513-537, Elsevier, Netherlands,ISBN: 978-0-444-63475-7
https://www.elsevier.com/books/biotechnology-for-biofuel-production-and-optimization/eckert/978-0-444-63475-7
For each new technology, it is instructive to develop a preliminary cost of production estimate using a very basic analysis of theoretical product yield (physical constraint) and feedstock cost (economic constraint). Consider the theoretical mass yields of various bioproducts from sugar (glucose.Given a cost of sugar, one can compute a minimum, feedstock-only, cost of production. If this minimum cost is already unpalatable, additional work must be done to increase yield, negotiate a lower feedstock cost, or include external factors like mandates, credits, subsidies, and coproducts in this best-case calculation. For
example, while this table assumes a base price of $0.17/lb conventional sugar, it has been shown that sugar from lignocellulosic biomass can cost less in theory,4 though this depends of course on biomass feedstock cost, cost of cellulase enzymes, and whether or not a technology is able to use all C5 and C6 sugars produced in hydrolysis.
The conventional ethanol industry has been able to reach significant production volumes in part because the scale-up of anaerobic fermentation is rather straightforward. One can find ethanol fermentation vessels ranging from 1 gal in a homebrewer’s basement to 1,000,000gal at fuel ethanol plants in the United States and Brazil. Although extremely large, these fermenters are mechanically quite simple, generally comprising a sanitary tank and an external cooling loop for temperature control. For aerobically produced bioproducts like several of those proposed here, however, things are more complicated. Providing the organism with this oxygen presents significant barriers to process scale-up in the form of mechanical complexity and practical equipment size limits. This chapter will focus primarily on some of the specific challenges associated with scale-up of aerobic bioprocesses |
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