| 论文简介 |
This paper is concerned with the process design and synthesis of hydrocarbon biorefinery, which is composed of fast pyrolysis, bio-crude collection, hydroprocessing and hydrogen production sections, under economic and environmental considerations. A superstructure is developed that includes multiple process alternatives in each stage of the process flow diagram. Three feed options, with different bio-crude ratios and hydrotreating catalysts CoMo, NiMo and PdC, are placed to perform hydroprocessing. Natural gas steam reforming, bio-crude steam reforming and biomass gasification are employed to produce hydrogen for hydroprocessing. A bi-criteria mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is proposed to maximize the economic performance measured by the net present value (NPV) and minimize the environmental impact in terms of global warming potential (GWP) according to life cycle assessment (LCA) procedures. The bi-criteria MINLP model is solved with the ε-constraint method, and the resulting Pareto curve reveals the trade-off between the economic and environmental performances of the process. The two selected “good choice” optimal designs indicate a unit cost of $3.43 and $5.26 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE), corresponding a net greenhouse emission of 1.95 and 2.04 kg CO2-eq/GGE, respectively. |
(创新港)
