# 同等贡献 * 通讯作者
2025
87 Gu Z, Gu H, Zhang N*, Jiang S, Wang G, Mao Y, Liao J F, Yang S C, Liang C*, Xing G C*, Silicon-Integrated Perovskite Photonic Laser Based on Bound States in Continuum. Laser Photonics Rev, 2025, 2401327. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401327
86 Huang S Y, Liang C*, Lin Z C*, Application of PACz-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer Materials in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2025, 16(47), 64424-64446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13977
85 Liang H B, Chen J, Zhu W J, Ma F Q, Li N, Gu H, Xia J M, Lin Y X, Yang W H, Zhang S, Zhang Y S, Han B Y, Yang S C*, Ding S J*, Liang C*,Synthesis of Multifunctional Organic Molecules via Michael Addition Reaction to Manage Perovskite Crystallization and Defect, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, 64, e202413105. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202413105
84 Du F Q, Gu H, Jiang W Y, Yang W H, Lin Y X, Zhu W J, Qin X, Xie X Q, Bu L, Liu X L, Yang S C*, C. Liang*, Managing Crystallization and Phase Distribution via 2D Perovskite Seed Crystals for 2D-3D Tin-based Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35, 2413281. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202413281
2024
83 Zhong Y, Liu Z P, Luo X, Liu G L, Wang X Y, He J C, Sheng W P, Yu D J, Liang C*, Tan L C, Chen Y W, Macro–micro coordination optimization of lead iodide reactivity toward millimeter-to-centimeter-scale perovskite solar cells with minimal efficiency loss, 2024, Energy Environ. Sci., 17(15),5500-5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D4EE01371A
82cSong J, Ran P, Liu X L, Mu Z, Du F Q, Gu H, He L, Liang C, Xing G C, Yang Y M, Tao X, Universal Wet-Chemistry-Methods Synthesized Novel Halide-Intercalated Perovskites with Reduced Exciton Confinement for Low-Dose X-ray Scintillation Imaging. Advanced Optical Materials, 2024, 12, 2302159. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202302159
81 Shang F F, Wang B, An B, He H, Shui Y, Cai H R, Liang C*, Yang S C, Na Substitution Steering RuO6 Unit in Ruthenium Pyrochlores for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Acid. Small, 2024, 20, 2310323. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202310323
80 Li W J, Chu Z Y,Li F, Li H J, Xing Z,Fan B J, Meng X H, Yu D J, Liang C, Zhang S H,Hu X T, Chen Y W, Electrostatic assembly strategy for printing inorganic nanoparticles and its application in large-area perovskite solar cells. Sci. China Mater. 2024, 67, 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-2821-1
79 Yao Q, Gu H, Liu X L*, Du F Q, Liang T L , Song J W, Chi Z*, Li X S, Ma Y S, Li Z J, Liang C*, He L T, Wu K F, Xing G C*, Tao X T*, Generation and enhancement of chirality-induced spin-polarized emission in 3D@1D lead halide perovskites. ACS Materials Letters, 2024, 6(6), 2186-2196.
78 He D J, Shang F F, An B, Zeng X X, Li X Q, Wang W T, Cai H R, Yang S C, LiangC*, Wang B, Hierarchical core-shell Ce-doped NiO@MoO2 architecture with Ni 3d-band center modulation for enhanced high-current-density oxygen evolution, Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2024, 358, 124455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124455.
77 Liang Y C, Xia J M, Fan B J, Liang C, Yuan F F, Peng S H, Sun Q H, Zhao R D, Miao S P, Zhang T, Zhu H, Liang W L, Xie Y H, Chen S F, Hu X T, Zhang Y Q, Li P W, Song Y L, Lattice matching propels customized-dimensionality 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions for high-performance photovoltaics, Nano Today, 2024, 59,102479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102479.
76 Yang W H, Xia J M, Lin Y X, Gu H, Ma F Q, Ren Y M, Du F Q, Yu D J, Liao J F, Chen Y W, Fang G J, Yang S C, Liang C*, Tailoring component incorporation for homogenized perovskite solar cells, Science Bulletin, 2024, 69(16), 2555-2564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.029.
75 Lin Y X, Yang W H, Gu H, Du F Q, Liao J F, Yu D J, Xia J M, Wang H B, Yang S C, Fang G J, Liang C*, Transparent Recombination Layers Design and Rational Characterizations for Efficient Two-Terminal Perovskite-Based Tandem Solar Cells. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36, 2405684. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202405684
74 Jia P, Chen G, Li G, Liang J, Guan H, Wang C, Pu D, Ge Y, Hu X, Cui H, Du S, Liang C*, Liao J, Xing G C, Ke W, Fang G J, Intermediate Phase Suppression with Long Chain Diammonium Alkane for High Performance Wide-Bandgap and Tandem Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36, 2400105. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400105
73 Wang H B, Qin Z Y, Li X J, Zhao C, Liang C*, High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Sol–Gel-Processed Sliver-Doped NiOX Hole Transporting Layer. Energy Environ. Mater., 2024, 7: e12666. https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12666
72 Li Z J, Gu H, Liu X L, Wang H, Zhang N, Liao J F, Yu D, Xie X Q, Zhou Y, Fang G J, Chen Y W, Xia J M*, Yang S C*, Liang C*, Uniform Phase Permutation of Efficient Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells via Binary Spacers and Single Crystal Coordination. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36, 2410408. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202410408
71 Lei W, Zhao X, Liang C, Wang H, Li X, Jiang M, Li X, He F, Sun Y, Lu G, et al. Interface-Strengthened Ru-Based Electrocatalyst for High-Efficiency Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis at Industrial-Level Current Density. Materials. 2024; 17(20):4991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17204991
70 Gu H, Zhu A A, Xia J M, Li W, Zheng J H, Yang T, Li S W, Zhang , Mei S L, Cai Y Q, Chen S, Liang C*, Xing G C*, Nanoscale phase management of the 2D/3D heterostructure toward efficient perovskite solar cells, Science Bulletin, 2024, 69(18), 2853-2861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.07.026.
69 Sun L L, Cai H R, Wang B, Xu J W, Zeng X X, Liang C*, Yang Z M*, Yang S C*, Dual-active-center in Co doping LiNbO3 for enhanced CO2 photoreduction in pure water, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2024, 347, 123789.
68 Li Z J, Lin Y X, Gu H, Zhang N, Wang B, Cai H R, Liao J F, Yu D J, Chen Y W, Fang G J, Liang C*, Yang S C*, Xing G C,* Large-n quasi-phase-pure two-dimensional halide perovskite: a toolbox from materials to devices, Science Bulltein, 2024, 69, 382.
67 Wen Z R, Liang, C#, Li S W, Wang G, He B C, Gu H, Xie J P, Pan H, Su Z H, Gao X Y, Hong G, and Chen S, High-Quality van der Waals Epitaxial CsPbBr3 Film Grown on Monolayer Graphene Covered TiO2 for High-Performance Solar Cells. Energy & Environmental Materials, 2024, e12680.
66 Zhu A, Gu H, Li W, Liao J, Xia J M, Liang C, Sun G, Sha Z, Xing G C, Synergistic Passivation With Phenylpropylammonium Bromide for Efficient InvertedPerovskite Solar Cells. Small Methods, 8 (2). 2300428
65 Mei S, Yin J, Xing Y, He H, Gu H, Xia J M, Zhang W, Liang C*, Xing G C, Guo R, Designing high-performance pure-red metal halide perovskite materials and liaht-emitingdiodes for Rec.2020 display Nano Energy, 109339.
2023
64 Shang F F, Wang B*, An B, He H J, Shui Y, Cai H R, Liang C, Yang S C*, Na Substitution Steering RuO6 Unit in Ruthenium Pyrochlores for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Acid, Small, 2023, 2310323.
63 Zeng X X, Jing Y D, Gao S S, Zhang W C, Zhang Y, Liu H W, Liang C, Ji C C, Rao Y, Wu J B, Wang B*, Yao Y G,* and Yang S C*, Hydrogenated borophene enabled synthesis of multielement intermetallic catalysts, Nature Communications, 2023, 14, 7414. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43294-z
62 Yang W H, Xia J M, Shang F F, Yang G G, Wang B, Cai H R, Jing L Y, Zhu, H, Yang S C *, Shao, G S, Liang, C*, Boosting peroxymonosulfate activation via Co-based LDH-derived magnetic catalysts: a dynamic and static state assessment of efficient radical-assisted electron transfer processes, Energy & Environmental Materials, 2023, Just accepted.
61 Du F Q, Liu X L, Liao J F, Yu D J, Zhang N, Cheng Y W, Liang C*,Yang S C*, Improving the stability of halide pervskites for photo-, electro-, photoelectro-chemical application, Advanced Functional Materials, 2023,2312175.
60 Liang H B, Yang W H, Xia J M, Gu H, Yang G G, Fu Y, Wang B, Cai H R, Chen Y W, Yang S C*, Xing G C*, Liang C*. Strain Effects on Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Science, 2023,2304733. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304733
59 Yang G G, Yang W H, Gu H, Fu Y, Wang B, Cai H R, Xia J M, Zhang N, Liang C*, Xing G C, Yang S, Chen Y W. and Huang W. (2023), Perovskite Solar Cell Powered Integrated Fuel Conversion and Energy Storage Devices. Advanced Materials, 2023, 2300383. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202300383
58 Gu H, Xia J M, Liang C#, Chen Y, Huang W, Xing G C, Phase-pure two-dimensional layered perovskite thin films. Nature Reviews Materials.1-19.
57 Li S, Xia J M, Wen Z, Gu H, Guo J, Liang C, Pan H,Wang X, Chen S. The Fommation Mechanism of (001) Facet Dominated a-FAPbl, Film by Pseudohalide lons forHigh-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Science, 2300056
56 Li P, Yan L, Cao Q, Liang C, Zhu H, Peng S, Yang Y, Liang Y, Zhao R, Zang S, Zhang Y, Song Y. Dredging the Charge-Carrier Transfer Pathway for Efficient Low-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62, e.202217910. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217910
55 Gong C, Li F, Hu X, Wang C, Shi S, Hu T, Zhang N, Liang C, Wu D, Chen Y, Printing-Induced Alignment Network Design of Polymer Matrix for Stretchable Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 20% Efficiency. Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 2301043. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202301043
54 Guo R X, Xia J M, Gu H, Chu X K, Zhao Y, Meng X H, Wu Z H, Li J N, Duan Y Y, Li Z Z, Wen Z R, Chen S, Cai Y Q, Liang C*, Shen Y L*, Xing G C*, Zhang W, Shao G S*. Effective defect passivation with a designer ionic molecule for high-efficiency vapour-deposited inorganic phase-pure CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 408–418
2022
53 Liu D, Gao S S, Xu J Z, Zhang X J, Yang Z M, Yang T, Wang B*, Yang S C, Liang C, Kong C C*. Boron induced strong metal-support interaction for high sintering resistance of Pt-based catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction. Applied Surface Science, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154466
52 Sun L L, Wang B, Xing G C, Liang C*, Ma W*, Yang S C*. Bi-induced photochromism and photo-stimulated luminescence with fast photochromic response for multi-mode dynamic anti-counterfeiting and optical information storage. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140752
51 Cui Z J, Yang D, Qin S T, Wen Z Q, He H Y, Mei S L*, Zhang W L, Xing G C, Liang C*, Guo R Q*. Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives for Heavy‐Metal‐Free Blue‐Emitting Indium Phosphide Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes. Advanced Optical Materials, 2022. 202202036
eScience》和《National Science Open》SCI期刊
50. Liang C, Gu H, Xia J, et al. High‐performance flexible perovskite photodetectors based on single‐crystal‐like two‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper thin films. Carbon Energy, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.251.
49. Liang C, Gu H, Xia J, et al. Recent Progress in Perovskite-Based Reversible Photon–Electricity Conversion Devices, Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(8): 2108926. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202108926.
48. Cai Q, Liang C, Lin Z, et al. High-performance perovskite solar cells resulting from large perovskite grain size enabled by the urea additive, Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2022, 6(12): 2955-2961.
47. Xia J, Liang C*, Gu H, et al. Surface Passivation Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Energy & Environmental Materials, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12296.
46. Xia J, Liang C, Gu H, et al. Two-Dimensional Heterostructure of MoS2/BA2PbI4 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite with an S Scheme Alignment for Solar Cells: A First-Principles Study. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2022, 4(4): 1939-1948.
45. Xia J, Gu H, Liang C, et al. Manipulation of Band Alignment in Two-Dimensional Vertical WSe2/BA2PbI4 Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Heterojunctions via Defect Engineering. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2022, 13(20): 4579-4588.
44. Qu Y, Bai X, Li D, Zhang X, Liang C, Zheng,W, Qu,S. Solution-processable carbon dots with efficient solid-state red/near-infrared emission. J. Colloid. Interface. Sci., 2022, 613: 547-553..
43. Liang J, Hu X, Wang C, Liang C, et al. Origins and influences of metallic lead in perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2022, 6(4): 816-833.
42. Li S, Xia J, Liang C, et al. Anion induced bottom surface passivation for high performance perovskite solar cell. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 442: 135895.
41. Cai Q, Lin Z, Zhang W, Xu X, Dong H, Yuan S, Liang C, Mu C. Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via CsPF6 Passivation of Perovskite Film Defects. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2022, 13(20): 4598-4604.
2021
40. Liang C, Xing G, Doping Electron Transporting Layer: An Effective Method to Enhance JSC of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells, Energy & Environmental Materials, 2021,4(4): 500-501.
39. Xia J#, Liang C#, Mei S, et al. Deep surface passivation for efficient and hydrophobic perovskite solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9(5): 2919-2927.
38. Zhao D, Liang C, Wang B, et al. Overcoming the Limitation of Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells Through Using Mesoporous TiO2 Electron Extraction Layer, Energy & Environmental Materials, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12249.
37. Liu T, Zhang Z, Wei Q, Wang B, Wang K, Guo J, Liang C, et al. Tailoring quasi-2D perovskite thin films via nanocrystals mediation for enhanced electroluminescence. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 411, 128511.
36. Liang C, Gu H, Xia Y, et al. Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper layered perovskite solar cells based on phase-pure thin films, Nature Energy, 2021, 6(1): 38-45.
35. Guo J, Shi Z, Xia J, Xia J, Wang K, Wei Q, Liang C, et al. Phase Tailoring of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite at Fixed Large Spacer Cation Ratio. Small, 2021, 17(43): 2100560.
2020
34. Zhao D#, Wang B#, Liang C#, et al. Facile deposition of high-quality Cs2AgBiBr6 films for efficient double perovskite solar cells. Science China Materials, 2020, 63(8): 1518-1525.
33. Zhang Z, Li Y, Liang C, et al. In Situ Growth of MAPbBr3 Nanocrystals on Few-Layer MXene Nanosheets with Efficient Energy Transfer. Small, 2020, 16(17): e1905896.
32. Yu X, Liu T, Wei Q, Liang C, et al. Tailoring the Surface Morphology and Phase Distribution for Efficient Perovskite Electroluminescence. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2020, 11(15): 5877-5882.
31. Wang S, Wei Q, Wang K, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Liang C, et al. Morphology Control of Doped Spiro-MeOTAD Films for Air Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Small, 2020, 16(18): 1907513.
30. Pang P#, Jin G#, Liang C#, et al. Rearranging Low-Dimensional Phase Distribution of Quasi-2D Perovskites for Efficient Sky-Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(9): 11420-11430.
29. Liang C, Salim K M M, Li P, et al. Controlling the film structure by regulating 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite formation enthalpy for efficient and stable tri-cation perovskite solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8(12): 5874-5881.
28. Li Y, Liang C, Wang G, et al. Two-step solvent post-treatment on PTAA for highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(10): 7-17.
27. Li P, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liang C, et al. Low-Dimensional Dion-Jacobson-Phase Lead-Free Perovskites for High-Performance Photovoltaics with Improved Stability. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59(17): 6909-6914.
26. Huang Y, Liu T, Liang C, et al. Towards Simplifying the Device Structure of High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(28): 2000863.
25. Guo J, Liu T, Li M, Liang C, et al. Ultrashort laser pulse doubling by metal-halide perovskite multiple quantum wells. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(1): 3361.
24. Chen M, Li P, Liang C, et al. Enhanced efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by 2D perovskite vapor-assisted interface optimization. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2020, 45: 103-109.
23. He L, Gu H, Liu X, Li P, Dang Y, Liang C, et al. Efficient anti-solvent-free spin-coated and printed Sn-perovskite solar cells with crystal-based precursor solutions, Matter, 2020, 2(1): 167-180.
2019
22. Zhao G, Cai Q, Liu X, Li P, Zhang Y, Shao G, Liang C. PbS QDs as Electron Blocking Layer Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2019, 9(1): 194-199.
21. Wei Q#, Li X#, Liang C#, et al. Recent Progress in Metal Halide Perovskite Micro‐ and Nanolasers. Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 7(17): 1900080.
20. Sun M#, Liang C#, Tian Z, et al. Realization of the Photostable Intrinsic Core Emission from Carbon Dots through Surface Deoxidation by Ultraviolet Irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2019, 10(11): 3094-3100.
19. Peng S, Wang S, Zhao D, Li X, Liang C, et al. Pure Bromide‐Based Perovskite Nanoplatelets for Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes. Small Methods, 2019, 3(10), 1900196.
18. Liang C, Zhao D, Li P, et al. Simultaneously boost diffusion length and stability of perovskite for high performance solar cells. Nano Energy, 2019, 59: 721-729.
17. Li X, Zhang X, Li H, Liu T, Zhao D, Liang C, et al. Solution‐Processed Perovskite Microdisk for Coherent Light Emissio. Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 7(19), 1900678.
16. Li P#, Liang C#, Liu X L, et al. Perovskite Solar Cells: Low-Dimensional Perovskites with Diammonium and Monoammonium Alternant Cations for High-Performance Photovoltaics. Adv. Mater., 2019, 31(35): e1901966.
15. Gu H#, Liang C#, Xia Y, et al. Nanoscale hybrid multidimensional perovskites with alternating cations for high performance photovoltaic. Nano Energy, 2019, 65, 104050.
14. Li D, Liang C, Ushakova E, et al. Thermally activated upconversion near‐infrared photoluminescence from carbon dots synthesized via microwave assisted exfoliation, Small, 2019, 15(50), 1905050.
13. Xia J#, Liang C#, Xing G, Inkjet printed perovskite solar cells: progress and prospects, ACTA PHYSICA SINICA, 2019, 68(15): 158807.
12. 夏俊民, 梁超, 邢贵川, 喷墨打印钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展与展望, 物理学报, 2019, 68(15): 158807.
2018
11. Liang C, Zhao D, Li Y, et al. Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite for stable solar cells, Energy & Environmental Materials, 2018, 4(1), 221-231.
10. Liang C, Li P, Gu H, et al. One‐Step Inkjet Printed Perovskite in Air for Efficient Light Harvesting. Solar RRL, 2018, 2(2), 1700217.
9. Li P#, Zhang Y#, Liang C#, et al. Phase Pure 2D Perovskite for High-Performance 2D-3D Heterostructured Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Mater., 2018, 30(52): e1805323.
8. Li P#, Liang C#, Bao B, et al. Inkjet manipulated homogeneous large size perovskite grains for efficient and large-area perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2018, 46: 203-211.
7. Cai Q, Zhang Y, Liang C, et al. Enhancing efficiency of planar structure perovskite solar cells using Sn-doped TiO2 as electron transport layer at low temperature. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 261: 227-235.
6. Zhao G, Cai Q, Liu X, Li P, Zhang Y, Shao G, Liang C, PbS QDs as electron blocking layer toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2018, 9: 194-199.
2017
5. Wang Y, Zhou X, Liang C, et al. Enhanced Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by using Core-Ultrathin Shell Structure Ag@SiO2 Nanowires as Plasmonic Antennas. Advanced Electronic Materials, 2017, 3(11), 1700169.
4. Liang C, Wu Z, Li P, et al. Chemical bath deposited rutile TiO2 compact layer toward efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 391: 337-344.
3. Liang C, Li P, Zhang Y, et al. Mild solution-processed metal-doped TiO2 compact layers for hysteresis-less and performance-enhanced perovskite solar cells. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 372: 235-244.
2. Li H#, Liang C#, Liu Y, et al. Covalently Connecting Crystal Grains with Polyvinyl ammonium Carbochain Backbone To Suppress Grain Boundaries for Long-Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9(7): 6064-6071.
2016
1. Li P, Liang C, Zhang Y, et al. Polyethyleneimine High-Energy Hydrophilic Surface Interfacial Treatment toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8(47): 32574-32580.